四六级高频词精讲(五)

时间:2017-05-10 20:07来源:创业学院 作者:林少华(发布人) 点击:
四六级高频词精讲(五)


1.crucial  [ˈkruːʃəl]

adj. 至关重要的,决定性的

联想记忆

 

cr(cross十字架,交叉)+ucial(…的)→十字架对信徒是十分重要的。从十字架cross一次衍生出了很多词汇,如这里的crucial,耶稣被钉在十字架上自然是史上非常重大的事件;如crucify(vt)意思就是折磨某人、给某人上刑(最初特指钉在十字架上),也是从耶稣受难发散出的意思;crucifixion特指耶稣当年所受的那种十字刑。

 

四级词频2;考频2:选词填空0、信息匹配1、阅读1

2015.12仔细阅读)Rather, it is to recognize that in America’s vast criminal justice system, second chances are crucial.

六级词频2;考频2:选词填空0、信息匹配2、阅读0

2015.6信息匹配)Banks, law enforcement and technology companies are all trying to stop a network of hackers who are succeeding in stealing account numbers, names, email addresses and other crucial data used in identity theft.

 

2. conscious [ˈkɔnʃəs]

adj. 意识到的,自觉的;神志清醒的;有意的,存心的

联想记忆

 

conscious一词因为牵扯到意识所以比较时髦,大家也都听说过它的兄弟subconscious潜意识、下意识。盗梦空间里小李给贝爷安(hu)利(you)的时候就说:I specialize in a very specific type of security-- subconscious security.“我专门负责一种特殊的安全形式--潜意识安全”。conscious一词的难点在于拼写,经常会漏掉中间的s或者c,我们这样记忆:意识和潜意识是分开的,所以conscious里的两个s像两面墙一样隔离着它,少一个都不行。它 一个固定搭配是be conscious of,类似be aware of,意识到。另外表达某个人不省人事或失去知觉可以说lose one's consciousness。

 

四级词频2;考频2:选词填空0、信息匹配0、阅读2

2015.12仔细阅读)If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing.

六级词频1;考频1:选词填空0、信息匹配0、阅读1

2015.12仔细阅读)Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones are expected to make doctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decision, even though there’s no obligation to follow them.

 

3. artificial  [ˌɑːtiˈfiʃəl]

adj. 人工的,人为的;矫揉造作的;模拟的

联想记忆

 

arti(艺术的、认为)+ficial(表面的、面子上的)→在表面上加上艺术→人为的、矫揉造作的。artificial作为“人造的”的意思比较常用,不要因为有art就当做是“艺术的”。它的名词形式artifact用的更多些,意思是人工制品、手工制品,相比artificial更强调手工打造。artificial的做"矫揉造作"、“虚伪”的意思比较不常用,一般用superficial来表达类似的意思,后者还有“肤浅、一知半解、表面的”的意思。

 

实用搭配:an artificial smile 不自然的微笑

四级词频3;考频2:选词填空0、信息匹配1、阅读1

2016.6仔细阅读)As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat.

 

4. select [siˈlekt]

vt. 选择,挑选 adj. 精选的,挑选出来的;优等的,第一流的

联想记忆

 

se+lect(选)=select 挑选,以lect作为词根的词还有elect(v.选举)、collect(v.选到一起--收集)、neglect(v.没选--忽略、忽视)。重点讲一下select和choose的区别:choose指的是一般意义上的选择,肉挑肥的还是挑瘦的?衣服是要穿制服还是西装?都可以用choose;而select则是强调有所淘汰的精挑细选,当然不一定是用来选最好的,比如在一堆玩具中特意选了最便宜的也可以用select。最后select还有形容词词性,意思是精选的、优等的,相比之下它的专属形容词selected用的更多一些,也是同样的意思。常常和杰克琼斯开在一起的服装店就叫selected,顾名思义,比前者卖的东西好点也贵点。

 

四级词频3;考频2:选词填空1、信息匹配0、阅读1

2015.6仔细阅读)A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed.

六级词频3;考频3:选词填空0、信息匹配2、阅读1

2015.6仔细阅读)Early decision, since it's binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students; it allows admissions committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will come.

 

5. resume  [riˈzjuːm][rezjuː'mei]

vt.(中断后)重新开始,继续,恢复 (n. 摘要,概要;简历)

联想记忆

 

re(重新)+sume(sum加起来)→重新开始,resume也是日常中比较常见的,播放器上常见的暂停、继续按钮对应的就是pause和resume。这里重点讲一下resume作为名词简历的问题,首先简历的地道写法是 resumé,看到e上的撇了吗?它其实是个法语词,只不过在英语世界里也很常用,后来大家图方便就把小撇去掉了,但还保留着法语的读音,所以我们才看到这词有两个截然不同的读法。最后再说一下CV和resume的区别,对大家找工作还是很有帮助的:CV来自于拉丁语的Curriculum Vitae,CV代表的是履历,比resume的简历更长,内容丰富的多;最后,CV的第一页一定要配有Cover Letter!后者的具体书写要求同学们就自行查一下吧。

 

四级词频1;考频1:选词填空1、信息匹配0、阅读0

2015.6选词填空)J. resume

六级词频2;考频1:选词填空0、信息匹配0、阅读1

2015.12仔细阅读)The study’s most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world. Even seemingly harmless details on a resume, it appears, can tap into recruiters’ biases.

 

6. idle  [ˈaidl]

v. 游手好闲;虚度,浪费 adj. 空闲的;懒散的;无用的

联想记忆

 

idle=“爱斗”idle→闲的没事的才会爱斗,一词比较生僻,但是因为它和偶像idol的读音完全一致,又不可不会。我们可以记一个句子:Those who love nothing but idols are idle. 那些只知道追逐崇拜明星偶像的人是空闲无用的。虽然生僻,但idle做动词有两个固定搭配如果用正确了会显得非常地道:一个是idle about,意思是游手好闲,性质类似于hang around,后面都是不需接名词的;另一个更有逼格的是idle away,意思是荒废、浪费、虚度、蹉跎,这里的away是介词,后面可以接青春、时光等词,强烈建议记住它然后从此和waste of time说拜拜。

实用例句:Many people idle away the hours watching TV.

很多人把时间浪费在看电视上。

 

四级词频1;考频1:选词填空0、信息匹配0、阅读1

2015.6仔细阅读)But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled.

 

7. invade  [inˈveid]

vt. 入侵,侵略,侵袭

联想记忆

 

in(进入)+vade(走)→走进来→侵略,入侵,invade的记忆重点是词根vade(走)。星球大战系列相信随着第七部去年的上映已经没几个人不知道了,里面最有代表性的角色黑武士叫做Darth Vader,达斯·维达;而他在没有变坏还是个小鲜肉的时候叫Anakin Skywalker,阿纳金·天行者。看出联系了吗?vader和walker都是行走者的意思,所以实际Darth Vader这个名字还是保留了他原名的一些元素的。就住vade之后invade就非常好理解了,它的名词形式是invasion,亲戚还有evade(逃跑、逃离)。

 

四级词频1;考频1:选词填空0、信息匹配0、阅读1

 2016.6仔细阅读)47. What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?  A) They are aggressive.     C) They are ignorant.

  B) They are outgoing.        D) They are ill-bred.

六级词频1;考频1:选词填空0、信息匹配0、阅读1

2016.6选词填空)A drone  operator will invade someone's privacy.

 

8. attempt  [əˈtempt]

v. 尝试,试图

联想记忆

 

at(在)+tempt(诱惑)→在诱惑中→试图、努力。attempt做动词唯一的搭配是attempt to do sth,尝试做某事,并不存在attempt doing sth这个用法,同学们一定不要把try的两个用法直接移植到attempt身上。tempt这个词本身也比较常用,做动词意思是吸引、诱惑、引某人尝试,它的名词形式是temptation,抵抗住诱惑可以写作resist the temptation.

 

四级词频2;考频2:选词填空0、信息匹配1、阅读1

2015.12仔细阅读)As she neared the end of her prison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was “paying her dues,” and that “there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew.”

六级词频6;考频5:选词填空1、信息匹配3、阅读1

2016.6信息匹配)Of course, such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr. Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out.

 

9. authority  [ɔːˈθɔriti]

n.[pl.]官方;权力;当权者,行政管理机构;权威,专家

联想记忆

 

author(作者)+ity(city)→很多作者聚在一起,文联→官方、权威。authority一方面指具体的行政机构可以译作“当局”或“官方”;一方面有权力、权威等意思,但这里做权力讲时与power和right的区别在于authority非常强调职责、职能明确赋予的权力。它的动词形式authorize以及衍生出的authorization的意思是批准、审核通过、授权。

 

六级词频2;考频2:选词填空0、信息匹配0、阅读2

2015.12仔细阅读)The other half will have to wait, as authorities of America’s Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and National Transportation Safety Board work out what went wrong.

 

10. violent  [ˈvaiələnt]

adj. 暴力引起的,强暴的;猛烈的,剧烈的

联想记忆

 

violent=violin(小提琴)+lent(借出去)→有涵养的东西借出去了→暴力的。violent的名词形式是violence,“任何形式的犯罪”可以表述成 violence in any shape.关于violent和violence这两个词,小李子主演的《禁闭岛》里有一句很著名的台词大家可以用于记忆和区分二者:"I am not accusing you of being violent. I say you are men of violence" ,“我并不是在说你有什么暴力的行为,而是在说你是那种本质上亲近暴力的人。”

近义词辨析:violent包含意义较广,所指破坏性大;fierce指本性凶残,行为凶猛且有巨大杀伤力;

intense指剧烈的,表程度。

 

六级词频1;考频1:选词填空1、信息匹配0、阅读0

2015.6选词填空)As teens have moved online, parents have projected their fears onto the Internet, imagining all the potential dangers that youth might face–from violent strangers to cruel peers to pictures or words that could haunt them on Google for the rest of their lives.

 

来源:新东方在线四六级

(责任编辑:朱捍卫)
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